RESEARCH ARTICLE
Isidro Dubert, Luisa Muñoz-Abeledo, Gender, work, and family economies: wet nurses in rural Galicia (1850–1900), p. 147-164
Pablo Vidal-González, Away but connected: from the mountains of Babia to the plains of Cáceres. A study of Spanish transhumance at the turn of the nineteenth to the twentieth centuries, p. 165-180
Piotr Miodunka, Famines in the manorial economy of eighteenth-century Poland, p. 181-200
Josean Garrués-Irurzun, Iñaki Iriarte-Goñi, Rural electrification in Spain: territorial expansion and effects on the agricultural sector (c. 1900–c. 2000), p. 201-219
Maximiliano Presa, Carolina Román, Changes in food consumption from an agricultural-based economy to industrialisation: Uruguay (1900–70), p. 220-242
Dariusz Bryka?a, Pawe? Marek Pogodzi?ski, Robert Piotrowski, Traces of disappearing heritage: upcycling of wooden vessels preserved in the vernacular architecture of a large river valley in Central Europe, p. 243-261
Lowri Ann Rees, ?Aspire, persevere and indulge not?: new wealth and gentry society in Wales, c. 1760–1840, p. 262-277
Rosa Congost, Rosa Ros, Enric Saguer, More industrious and less austere than expected: evidence from inventories of agricultural workers in north-eastern Catalonia (1725–1807), p. 278-299
Matías Calderón-Seguel, Manuel Prieto, Productive practices in Andean rural areas and their relationship to extractive markets (Atacama Desert, northern Chile, 1915–2019), p. 300-317

WHERE NEXT IN RURAL HISTORY?
Chris Briggs, Current trends and future directions in the rural history of later medieval England (c. 1200–c. 1500), p. 318-329

RESEARCH ARTICLE
Michaël Attali, Yohann Fortune, Doriane Gomet, Yohann Rech, How hiking reinvented rural areas: social transformation and leisure activities in Brittany during the 1970s, p. 1-17
Lore Helsen, The persistent workforce: female day labour on capitalist farms in eighteenth-century Flanders, p. 19-37
Salvador Calatayud, Jesús Millán, María Cruz Romeo, Agrarian development and state building in Spain: the contest for irrigation in the Valencian Region, 1770-1860, p. 39-54
James P. Bowen, ‘Success to the Shropshire Chamber of Agriculture’: a reappraisal of the role of chambers of agriculture in Britain during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, p. 55-73
Cosmin Borza, Daiana Gârdan, Emanuel Modoc, The peasant and the nation plot: a distant reading of the Romanian rural novel from the first half of the twentieth century, p. 75-91
Ruisheng Zhang, From rural reconstruction to agricultural engineering: a study of the cooperation between the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and the International Harvester Company (1945-8), p. 93-113
Wilson Picado-Umaña, Elisa Botella-Rodríguez, From grassland to forest: the puzzle of land tenure and forest conservation in Costa Rica (1962-2014), p. 115-136

WHERE NEXT IN RURAL HISTORY?
Emmanuel Destenay, Future directions in rural history: Ireland, the First World War and the search for historical evidence, p. 137-146

RESEARCH ARTICLE
Moa Carlsson, The UK landscape evaluation movement (1965-85), p. 137-155
John Agnew, Cottages for farm labouring families: plans, exhortations and realities (1825-50), p. 157-177
Tim Calabria, Tash Joyce, Bush-lost children’s place in new ‘moral communities’: the emergence of a cultural rite in colonial Victoria (and across Australia), 1850s-1890s, p. 179-194
Uche Uwaezuoke Okonkwo, Joy N. U. Ejikeme, Victor Okoro Ukaogo, Horse-related title taking and animal cruelty in colonial eastern Nigeria: re-examining the economic rationale behind the introduction of humane killers, p. 195-206
Kevin T. Hall, Classrooms of democracy: cultivating change and social cohesion through rural community centres in postwar Hesse, p. 207-230
Michelle Moffat, ‘Scotland’s fighting fields’: the mobilisation of workers in rural Scotland during the Second World War, p. 231-249

WHERE NEXT IN RURAL HISTORY?
Robert Portass, The archaeology of peasant protagonism: new directions in the early medieval Iberian countryside, p. 251-263

RESEARCH ARTICLE
Stephen Ridgwell, ‘K is for Keeper’: the roles and representations of the English gamekeeper, c. 1880-1914, p. 1-22
Sarah Law, Susanne Seymour, Charles Watkins, Women and estate management in the early eighteenth century: Barbara Savile at Rufford Abbey, Nottinghamshire (1700-34), p. 23-39
John Pickard, Early Australian rabbit-proof fences: paling, slab and stub fences, modified dry stone walls, and wire netting, p. 41-59
Ana María Carballeira Debasa, Agrarian measures in the kingdom of Granada before and after the Castilian conquest: the lands of the Alpujarra, p. 61-73
Elwira Wilczynska, Household budget management and women’s position in peasant families in the Polish lands in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, p. 75-91
Blazej Jendrzejewski, The evolving economic importance of Polish forests between 1918 and 1945, p. 93-103
Emmanuel Destenay, Conscription, rural populations and the dynamics of war and revolution in Ireland (1914-18), p. 105-117
Jesús-Ángel Redondo-Cardeñoso, Unions and agricultural protests in inland Spain during the Transition: the example of Burgos province (1975-80), p. 119-135

RESEARCH ARTICLE
Peter Jones, Steven King, Karen Thompson, Clothing the New Poor Law workhouse in the nineteenth century, p. 127-148
Marta Blad, Land reform in People’s Poland (1944-89), p. 149-165
Paula Jane Byrne, The language of space and ownership in rural New South Wales in the mid-nineteenth-century: rural workers, p. 167-186
John R. Mullin, Zenia Kotval, Manufacturing in Puritan rural towns in New England 1630-60: ‘A Miller Never Goes to Heaven’, p. 187-196
Apex Anselm Apeh, Christian Chukwuma Opata, Chidi Mike Amaechi, Onwuka Ndukwe Njoku, Cattle rights versus human rights: herdsmen-farmer clashes in Nigeria, p. 197-216
Slawomir Kalinowski, Weronika Wyduba, Rural poverty in Poland between the wars, p. 217-232
Juri Auderset, Manufacturing agricultural working knowledge: the scientific study of agricultural work in industrial Europe, 1920s-60s, p. 233-248
Elisa Botella-Rodríguez, Ángel Luis González-Esteban, Past and present land reform in Cuba (1959-2020): from peasant collectivisation to re-peasantisation and beyond, p. 249-264

EDITORIAL
Carl Griffin, Tom Williamson, Rural History: the prospect before us, revisited, p. 1-2

RESEARCH ARTICLE
K. D. M. Snell, Ronald Blythe: ‘Just a voice for his time’, p. 3-22
Álvaro Aragón-Ruano, The diffusion of maize in the Cantabrian region and its economic and demographic consequences during the Ancient Regime, p. 23-40
Colin Shepherd, The Central Uplands of Buchan – a distinctive agricultural zone in the thirteenth century: fact or fiction?, p. 41-75
Joachim Popek, Conflicts over common rights to cattle grazing on common lands and manorial properties in Austrian Galicia (1772-1918), p. 77-93
Theodor Cepraga, Bogdan Suditu, Internal colonisation in rural Romania: the sale of the state-owned estates at the end of the nineteenth century, p. 95-113
Matthew Bayly, The Loes and Wilford Poor Law Incorporation 1765-1826: ‘A Prison with a Milder Name’, p. 115-119

Reviews, p. 121